One of the most common questions I receive is, “Which degree should I pursue?”
This question often refers to the degree type rather than the specific major.
The landscape of music degrees is diverse, with distinct differences between degrees like the PhD and DMA, or the Bachelor of Music (BM) and Bachelor of Arts (BA).
While comprehensive information on various music degrees can be scarce online, it’s important to note that requirements can vary significantly between institutions, even for degrees with the same name.
However, some general distinctions exist among the various types of music degrees available to both undergraduate and graduate students.
Let’s explore the most common music degrees, their characteristics, and who they might be best suited for:
1. Bachelor of Music (BM or BMus)
The BM is often considered the “gold standard” for undergraduate music degrees.
It’s designed for students seeking an intensive music curriculum while still earning a bachelor’s degree.
Typically, 70-80% of credits are in music, with the remaining 20-30% in academic subjects.
Best for: Undergraduate students wanting the most music-intensive curriculum while still achieving a bachelor’s degree.
This includes classical performers, composers, jazz performers, producers, and many singer-songwriters. A few musical theatre programs are a BMus, though most are BFA.
2. Master of Music (MM or MMus)
The MM is the graduate-level equivalent of the BM. It’s usually shorter than a bachelor’s program, ranging from 30 to 60 credits compared to the typical 120 credits for a bachelor’s degree.
Best for: Students looking to pursue the most common graduate music degree with an intensive focus on music and minimal emphasis on liberal arts.
3. Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA)
The DMA is a popular alternative to the PhD for musicians.
It often waives the major written thesis requirement in favor of a more creative portfolio addition, such as a large-scale original orchestral work, a recital featuring the candidate as the star performer, or an album of original music.
Best for: Musicians seeking a doctoral degree who prefer a more creative thesis over a written one. Many colleges seek DMA or PhD holders for professorships.
4. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Music
The PhD is usually reserved for composition, theory, musicology, and other majors that don’t necessarily have a performance requirement.
It typically requires a substantial written thesis, often 100+ pages.
Best for: Musicians pursuing the highest terminal degree who aim to present a comprehensive thesis paper. It is often preferred for those aiming for university professorships.
5. Master of Arts (MA) in Music
The MA is the graduate-level version of the BA. It often includes more liberal arts studies alongside graduate-level music coursework.
Best for: Students with a strong undergraduate liberal arts education and wish to continue this alongside graduate-level music studies.
6. Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Music
The BA combines a well-rounded liberal arts education with a recognized degree in music. It’s often less musically intensive than a BM but offers more flexibility for double majors or those seeking a broader academic focus.
The credit breakdown is typically 50% music, 50% academic.
Best for: Students wishing to pursue a double major or those who want a more academically focused education while still achieving a music degree.
7. Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Music
The BFA is more commonly associated with fine arts, drama, acting, and dance. In music, it’s most often seen in Musical Theatre programs.
Best for: Students pursuing Musical Theatre, Dance, or Drama degrees with a music component.
8. Master of Fine Arts (MFA) in Music
This is the graduate version of the BFA, often considered the terminal degree for Musical Theatre students.
Best for: Musical Theatre or drama-oriented majors seeking the highest degree in their field.
9. Artist Diploma (AD)
The AD is an intensive, music-focused program with no liberal arts requirements.
It’s usually for students who have already obtained at least a bachelor’s degree and is often considered one of the highest-level programs in classical conservatories.
Best for: Musicians seeking continuous, high-level study after at least a bachelor’s degree. Some students pursue the AD even after achieving a DMA, to continue refining their skills.
10. Bachelor of Science (BS) in Music
Some universities offer a Bachelor of Science in specific technology-heavy programs, like music engineering & technology, or double majors, like Indiana’s BSOF degree (Bachelor’s of science in an outside field).
Best for: Students who want a music production program that has some science or engineering component to it.
Which Degree Should You Apply for?
Choosing the right music degree depends on several key factors:
Level of education: Your current level of education determines your options. A bachelor’s degree is required for master’s programs, and a master’s is typically needed for doctoral studies.
Aspirations: Your aspirations should guide your choice. For example, professional classical musicians often have at least a bachelor’s and master’s in music, while academic careers usually require a doctorate.
The degree is not technically required for getting a job in an orchestra, but the training you receive is undoubtedly helpful.
Academic Balance: Consider how much non-music education you want. A Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Music offers more academic variety, while a Bachelor of Music (BM) focuses intensively on music studies.
Dual Degree Options: Many institutions allow you to combine a music degree with another field, broadening your skills and career prospects.
Ultimately, choosing the right degree program aligns with your goals, interests, and circumstances.
